Btec Hnd Business Environment - 3104 Words

Task 1 1.1 Organisations can be classified in terms of their business purpose, ‘for profit’ or ‘not for profit’ organisations. Organisations that seek to make a profit are mainly private sector businesses which provide goods/services and must make a profit to survive. They can break even or even make a loss for a very short time or they will cease to exist. The main structure of profit seeking organisations includes: 1. SOLE TRADER. Business owned by a single person, bearing full responsibility of financing and the burden of any debts of the business. The purpose of its existence is to sell goods/services with a view to make a profit out of the transaction. 2. PARTNERSHIPS. Business owned by two or more people. The purpose of a†¦show more content†¦Health and well being of employees is one of their ‘core values’ too and is met by providing occupational health management. COMMUNITIES Communities expect Anglo American to be socially responsible and look after the community it operates in. It expects local employment in Anglo American. To a large extent, Anglo American has fulfilled this objective. It has created jobs through enterprise support schemes in the countries it operates in. A percentage of Anglo American’s pre-tax profit is spent on social investment projects with the aim of helping to ‘alleviate poverty, promote health and education, and foster community development’ (angloamerican.com). $128.6 million was spent on local communities in 2011. Anglo American Group Foundation distributes grants to charities in the host countries to ‘develop sustainable livelihoods through the projects it supports’ (angloamerican.com). A wide range of causes is supported by the foundation. GOVERNMENT BODIES Governments expect prompt payment of taxes from Anglo American. They would like to receive as much as possible from them. Anglo American is fulfilling this objective. It paid and collected $5 billion in tax in 2011. These include payroll taxes and VAT as well as corporation tax. It pays tax in many countries, 77% of which in developing countries. BUSINESS PARTNERS Suppliers expect a long contract with Anglo American. Anglo American seeks a safe and healthy workingShow MoreRelatedHnd Subject in Nvq 51376 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- HND in Business Awarding Body: Edexcel Level: Qcf Level-5 Course Description This course is designed to equip students with the knowledge, understanding and skills required for success in current and future employment or for progression to an undergraduate degree. It aims to provide an educational foundation for a range of administrative and management careers in business, specialised studies directly relevant to individual vocations and professionsRead MoreUnderstand the Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Culture.1779 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessful change in organizations 4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations Teams and team building, team dynamics, Impact of technology on team functioning: 1|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 -BLANK PAGE- 2|Page BTEC HND in Business/ Organisation and Behaviour/Sept12 UNIT INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisationsRead MoreEssay on Identify the Purposes of Different Types of Organisations.1685 Words   |  7 PagesCode: Business Environment (Unit 1) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May 2013 Assessment Brief Unit Details: Unit Code: Business Environment (Unit 1) Programme Name: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business Awarding body: Edexcel Unit Level (QCF): QCF-4 Academic term: May 2013 Course Details | Course Name | BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in BusinessRead MoreUnit 6 Business Decision Making Essay5294 Words   |  22 PagesPage 1 of 22 Centre Name/logo Programme Title Unit No Title QCF Level: Assignment No/Title Tutor/Assessor Written by Essex International College BTEC HND in Business Unit 6 Business Decision Making 5 Credit: 15 Y/601/0578 Acorn Research Consultants Please Provide Tutor Name Here /Assessor Panel Dr Keith Hoodless To meet LO 1 Assessment method To meet LO 2 To meet LO 3 Written Report not exceeding 4000 words covering all tasks To meet LO 4 Key dates: Assignment distribution date to learnersRead MoreEssay about 189977 Unit 33 Small Business Enterprise Sept 2014 2 1 1634 Words   |  7 PagesQualification Unit number and title Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business Unit 33: Small Business Enterprise Student name Assessor name Emmanuel Wanki Date issued Completion date 13th October 2014 30th January 2015 Assignment title Small Business Enterprise Learnin g Outcom e LO1 Learning outcome Be able to investigate the performance of a selected small business enterprise Assessme nt Criteria LO2 produce a profile of a selected small business identifying its strengths and weaknessesRead MoreBusiness Envrionment Assignment Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesBrighton School of Business and Management Limited Assignment Session: 2012- 2013 Edexcel BTEC Level 5 HND Business and Marketing Unit 1 Assignment: Business Environment Assignment Introduction The assignment is aimed at providing you with an understanding of different organisations, the influence of stakeholders and the relationship between businesses and the local, national and global environments. Learning outcomes On successful completion of this assignment you will be able to: 1 UnderstandRead MoreEvaluation Of The Performance Of A Small Business Enterprise Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesand submit this form will result in a mark of ‘0’ for the assignment. Student Name ELENA UTA Student ID P1030912 Assessor Name SHABNAM S. Qualification PEARSON BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma Business (Management) Unit Number Unit Title Unit 33: Marketing Principle (MP) Assignment Title Assessment of the Performance of a Small Business Enterprise Date of Submission 30.10.2016 By submitting this form and signing below, I declare that: †¢ I am the author of this assignment and that any assistanceRead More1.1 Identify the Purposes of Different Types of Organizations844 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Institute (HRMI) Edexcel BTEC HND in Business – HRM Unit No/Title: Unit 1/Business Environment Unit Code: Y/601/0546 Assignment No: 1/2 Assignment Title: Organization Purpose It’s Environment Grading Opportunities Available Date Set: 7th October , 2012 Due Date: 4th November 2012 Student ID: ______________________ Student Signature: ___________________ Outcomes/Grade Descriptors Achieved (Please Tick) Read Morebusiness1116 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ BTEC Centre Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College Unit Unit 19: Marketing Planning Class 2011 HND Marketing Assignment A1: Compiling Marketing Audits and Examining Barriers in Marketing Date issued Apr 28, 2014 Date deadline Apr 19, 2014 Tutor BAO Yinglei IV QIU Ling Declaration: I am aware that cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated in any assignment and that this work complies with the requirements. Student’s Signatureï ¼Å¡ (In Pinyin) Read MoreGovernment Contracts and Stakeholders1709 Words   |  7 Pagesphoto below, this train has a front car, a passenger car and a caboose. Stakeholders, in my opinion are the â€Å"passenger car† of this train and should not be forgotten in the middle. [Year] Tasha Corbin [Company name] [Date] BUSINESS-It’s What Drives America BUSINESS-It’s What Drives America As a senior level accountant, I am often given the daunting task of identifying candidates for accounting positions and bringing them on board upon finding their suitability to the position. I have found

The Effects Of Hearing On Children With Disabilities

Christian Popoca According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, individuals with disabilities include those who have impairments that substantially limit a major life activity, have a history or record of a substantially limiting impairment, or are regarded as having a disability. Deaf people are limited in some functions because of an impairment of hearing. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports â€Å"deaf† individuals do not hear well enough to rely on their hearing to process speech and language; some individuals with mild to moderate hearing impairments may be â€Å"hard of hearing† but are not â€Å"deaf† (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). More than 20 million people in the United States identify themselves as†¦show more content†¦Goffman’s (1963) understanding of stigma is the situation of persons who are unable to conform to standards that society calls normal. Thus, has led to Deafness being a label fo r disqualification to full social acceptance. This labelling entails a social judgment, with definition and meaning contested and liable to vary over time and between societies and cultures (Exploring Disability). Disabilities were seen as social problems as in a discrepancy between what is and what people think ought to be. This idea shifted away from a â€Å"medical model† to the idea of disability as a form of social deviance that focused on disability as a social status. In recent years, theorizing ideas such as the socio-political approach incorporate the understanding and priorities of disabled people. While â€Å"being deaf† is considered by most to be a disability, others within the Deaf population have different aspects of Deafness as simply being a member of a visual communication based community rather than being a â€Å"broken† member of the community. With hearing assistive technology helping bridge the communication gap for those with hearing loss and further technology allowing them to communicate, many of those in the Deaf community have come to accept themselves for the versions they are and simply found an alternate path through this journey of life. The most widely recognizedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Factors that Influence Development in Children1081 Words   |  5 PagesINFLUENCE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S DEVELOPMENT AND HOW THESE AFFECT PRACTICE There are various personal factors which can affect the development of children and young people. When a child is conceived, their genetics are formed. It is becoming increasingly apparent that as well as deciding, hair colour our genetics can influence addiction, depression and self-esteem issues. A baby’s development can also be affected during pregnancy. A mother’s lifestyle can also have an effect. Smoking, consumptionRead MoreAuditory Processing Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to the brains inability to process auditory information correctly. Children with APD have normal development of their outer, middle, and inner ear. Thus, the hearing in the child is satisfactory. However the disability is in the brains lack of ability to understanding and decoding sounds, specifically sounds which compose speech. Children with APD have trouble processing the sounds heard into letters and words. Many children may hear fewer words which were really spoken, giving them the impressionRead MoreDemographic Structure Includes Name, Age, Sex And Ethnicity1071 Words   |  5 Pageswith learning. The majority of children with a learning difficulty do not have an identified diagnosis but some will have, which includes those with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Many of those who have difficulties learning do not have associated learning disabilities as defined above. Approximately 10% of the general population are thought to have learning difficulties. Learning difficulties within children and young people means a learningRead MoreThe Difficulties of Hearing Loss in Education Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages all of these people had a hearing loss. In terms of formal definition, a hearing loss is, â€Å"a spectrum of disorders causing a disruption or distortion of auditory information reaching or being processed by the central nervous system.† Hearing losses not only effect adults or the elderly, they are also prevalent among children. As future teachers, we should understand everything that accompanies a hearing loss considering we may have a few children with this disability through our careers as educatorsRead MoreIs Deafness a Disability or a Way of Living?1593 Words   |  7 PagesTwo centuries ago, the Deaf community arose in American society as a linguistic minority. Members of this community share a particular human condition, hearing impairment. However, the use of American Sign Language, as their main means of commu nicating, and attendance to a residential school for people with deafness also determine their entry to this micro-culture. Despite the fact that Deaf activists argue that their community is essentially an ethnic group, Deaf culture is certainly different fromRead MoreThe Field Of Special Education1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe commitment of teaching in the field of special education is challenging. The undertaking is prodigious, but when a child with disabilities flourishes under the direction of a special education teacher’s leadership, the outcome is life altering for both. The main goal for a student with special needs is for the student to acquire skills that are vital to achieve placement in a regular education classroom and be able to take part in the class on a daily basis. In order for a strategy of inclusionRead MoreSocio Demographic Profile And Nutritional Status Of Hearing Impaired1594 Words   |  7 Pagesof study : SOCIAL SCIENCE Title : SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HEARING IMPAIRED (DEAF) ADOLESCENTS Abstract Health status of a population is a significant indicator of human development. Like mortality, disability being a potential measure of health status of population has not received much attention in research particularly in the developing countries. Hearing impairment refers to both complete and partial loss of the ability to hear and research inRead More1.6 Justification Of The Study. The Exclusion Of Pwds By1223 Words   |  5 Pagesimproved. Children with disability in Kenya are often consigned to â€Å"special schools† which, though well intended to provide responsive learning environments, actually perpetuate segregation from other children. The inclusive education movement proposes that all schools should be equipped to accommodate PWDs. This study is therefore informed by the conviction that it is possible to design spaces that are inclusive and which will then limit the current segregation of children with disabilities. PastRead MoreSpecial Education Laws And Regulations Project1468 Words   |  6 PagesRegulations Project 9/28/14 Hearing impairments are defined by the federal government as, â€Å"an impairment in hearing, wether permanent or fluctuating that adversely affects a child’s performance but that is not included under the definition of deafness† (Friend, 2012). Children who are hearing impaired make up a small percentage of the students in the school system, and it is considered to be â€Å"low incidence† impairment. In fact, in 2009, around 1.3 percent of school age children are considered to haveRead Moreexceptional needs children Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages Katt Goodson Oct, 7th, 2014 Professor Corrina Carotti Unit 6 Assignment PS 340 exceptional needs children Michael Michael, a five-year-old male, just diagnosed with hearing loss and a speech disorder, has not learned to speak properly and is working with a speech therapist three times a week. Michael does not show any progress in learning letters or numbers. His parents are worried that he might be labeled in school and not allowed to participate in regular classroom activities.

Price Elastcicity of Demand Free Essays

What is meant by ‘cross-price elasticity of demand’? It is a measure of the responsiveness of demand for a good to a change in the price of another good. This good can either be a substitute good or complementary good. (ii) Comment on the cross-price elasticity of demand between platinum and gold. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Elastcicity of Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the price of platinum rises demand for gold rises. Because gold can be a substitute for platinum people will want to buy gold more when the price of platinum increases. (b) With reference to the passage, assess the likely impact on one group of consumers of platinum of the 50% rise in its price. For dentists, the rise in price has caused their costs to increase. This is because they use platinum as a hardening agent. This rise in the price of platinum made dentists look for substitutes like gold. Gold is now used as dental hardening agent because it is cheaper after the increase in prices of platinum. (c) (i) The Russian government ‘holding back stocks’. (ii) The increased use of palladium by motor manufacturers. (d) What might be deduced about the price elasticity of supply of palladium in both the short run and the long run?The price elasticity of supply of palladium in the short run is likely to be inelastic in the short and elastic in the long run. In the short run people will be demanding palladium in higher prices because there are few alternatives and the consumers buy it out of habit. However in the long run if prices of palladium keep rising, people will realize that the high prices of palladium is permanent thus resort in creating or finding alternatives to it, however this switch from palladium to other alternatives takes time. This means that in the long run its PED is likely to be elastic. How to cite Price Elastcicity of Demand, Papers

Hearts and Hands (O.Henry) Essay Example For Students

Hearts and Hands (O.Henry) Essay At Denver there was an influx of passengers into the coaches on the eastbound B. M. Express. In one coach there sat very pretty young woman dressed in elegant taste and surrounded by all the luxurious comforts of an experienced traveler. Among the newcomers were two young men, one of handsome presence with a bold, frank countenance and manner; the other a ruffled, glum- faced person, heavily built and roughly dressed. The two were handcuffed together. As they passed down the aisle Of the coach the only vacant seat Offered baas a reversed one facing the attractive young woman. Here the linked couple seated themselves. The young womans glance fell upon them with a distant, swift disinterest; then with a lovely smile brightening her countenance and a tender pink tingeing her rounded cheeks, she held out a little gray-gloved hand. When she spoke her voice, full, sweet, and deliberate, proclaimed that its owner was accustomed to speak and be heard. Well, Mr Gaston, it you will make me speak first, suppose must. Dont vow ever recognize old friends when you meet them in the West? The younger man roused himself sharply at the sound of her voice, seemed to trudge with a slight embarrassment which he threw off instantly, and then clasped her fingers with his left hand. Its Miss Fairchild, he said, with a smile. Ill ask you to excuse the other hand; its otherwise engaged just at present. He slightly raised his right hand, bound at the wrist by the shining bracelet to the left one Of his companion. The glad look in the girls eyes slowly changed to a bewildered horro r. The glow faded from her cheeks. Her lips parted in a vague, relaxing distress. Gaston, With a little laugh, as if amused, was about to speak again when the other forestalled him. The glum-faced man had been watching the girls countenance with veiled glances from his keen, shrewd eyes. Youll excuse me for speaking, miss, but, see youre acquainted with the Marshall here. If youll ask him to speak a word for me when we get to the pen hell do it, and itll make things easier for me there. Hes taking me to Leavenworth prison. Its seven years for counterfeiting, Oh! Said the girl, with a deep breath and returning color. So that is what you are doing out here? A marshal! My dear Miss Fairchild, said Gaston, calmly, l had to do something. Money has way of taking wings unto itself, and you know it takes money to keep step with our crowd in Washington. I saw this opening in the West, andwell, a marksmanship isnt quite as high a position as that of ambassador, but The ambassador, said the girl, warmly, doesnt call any more. H e neednt ever have done so. You ought to know that.

Midsummer Nights Dream essay Essays - Demetrius, Hermia, Helena

Throughout the play A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare uses both fate and free will to present his philosophy towards the nature of love. The characters struggle through confusion and conflicts to be with the one they love. Although the course of their love did not go well, love ultimately triumphs over all at the end of the play. The chaos reaches a climax causing great disruption among the lovers. However, the turmoil is eventually resolved by Puck, who fixes his mistake. The confusion then ends and the lovers are with their true love. Throughout the play Shakespeare's philosophy was displayed in various scenes, and his concept still holds true in modern society. Fate plays an exceptional part in the play. An example of fate throughout the play would be the love potion that the fairies use on the characters. Puck, otherwise known as Robin Goodfellow, was commanded by Oberon to put the love potion in the Athenian lovers'eyes. First, Oberon tells Puck to put the potion in Demetrius's eyes. He tells Puck that he will know who Demetrius is by the "Athenian garments" he wore. Puck obeys Oberon and goes off in search of Demetrius. Puck then stumbles upon Lysander. Mistaking that Lysander was Demetrius, Puck puts the love juice in Lysander's eyes instead. This is when all the chaos starts to occur. When Lysander awakes, the first person that he sees is Helena, causing him to fall deeply in love with her. Lysander then says to Helena, "Content with Hermia? No! I do repent/ The tedious minutes I with her have spent." (2.2.117-18) Fate cannot be foretold and the effect it has cannot actually be controlled. Although Lysander did not truly love Helena, the love potion had an effect on him, thus making him fall passionately in love with Helena. Because of Puck, true love that Hermia and Lysander shared was turned, and not a false turned true. Puck replies that those are the rules of fate. In a way, it was fate that the...

Intercultural Communication

Intercultural Communication Anyone who has visited or lived in a different country will notice that people speak and interact in different ways from what people in other cultures are commonly used to. These differences in cultural, religious and ethnic backgrounds are what are used to explain intercultural communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intercultural communication is defined as a type of global communication that is used by individuals from different religious, social, ethnic and educational backgrounds. It seeks to provide an understanding of how people from various cultures communicate in the global context by providing the forms of communication used in these cultures. As a field of research, intercultural communication provides in-depth information on the various communication and interactional situations that people from different ethnic backgrounds and communitie s find themselves in and also how they interact with people from different cultures (Gudykunst 2003). Intercultural communication also focuses on the attributes and perceptions of people who are termed to be intercultural so as to explain the types of communication strategies and practices they engage during networking sessions. Interculturality is an essential aspect of intercultural communication because it is able to capture the complex phenomenon of cross-cultural interactions. It talks about the various cultures that exist in the world as well as the ethnic backgrounds of different people and how this affects interactions and communication. Intercultural communication combines the concepts of interculturality and discussion to gain a useful insight into the theories and frameworks that form this concept (Hess-Luttich, 2003). There are various theories which have been developed to explain the concept of intercultural communication some of which include the theories focusing on c ommunication networks, theories focusing on effective outcomes, theories on accommodation, negotiation and management theories and theories based on acculturation and adjustment (Gudykunst 2003). The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the various theories and frameworks that are used to explain pragmatic intercultural concepts. Theories on Intercultural Communication As mentioned in the introductory part of the essay, there are various theories that have been developed to explain the pragmatic concepts that make up intercultural communication. One of these theories is the theory of effective outcomes and an example of this theory is cultural convergence.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cultural convergence theory explains intercultural communication to be a type of communication system that begins to form in a relatively closed social system where i nteractions between members are unrestricted. Cultural convergence occurs when members within such a system begin to converge together over a particular time to form a more excellent cultural uniformity meaning communication interactions will be similar amongst all the members in the group. In the case of a restricted social system, cultural convergence within the society will diverge towards a diverse state of uniformity where they are able to adopt the various communication practices of members who exist in other communities (Wiseman, 2003). The theories focusing on accommodation or adaption explain intercultural communication to be the use of linguistic strategies that are meant to decrease or increase the distances that exist in cross-cultural communication interactions. The theories that fall under this category include communication accommodation theories, intercultural adaption theories and co-cultural theories. The communication accommodation theories explain intercultural c ommunication as the type of strategies, techniques, or approaches that are used to bridge the gap that exists between people of a different cultural setting. Intercultural adaption, on the other hand, explains intercultural communication to be how people from a diverse cultural background adapt to the communication needs of others especially in purpose-related encounters which necessitate the adaption of cultural factors (Griffin, 2000). The co-cultural theory explains intercultural communication to be the interactions that exist amongst under-represented or dominant cultural groups. This theory explains co-cultures to include people of a different color or ethnic race, women, homosexuals, lower-class people and people who are disabled. This theory, therefore, seeks to address the communication needs of these groups of people by providing an explanation for how different people are able to communicate (Griffin, 2000).  Identity management theories are also a form of intercultural communication theory developed to explain the cross-cultural aspect of communication where intercultural communication under this theory is seen to originate from the intercultural and intracultural types of speakers from the same and different cultures. This theory developed by William R. Cupach and Tadasu Todd Imahori focuses on the multiple identities that various individuals possess as well as the cultural and relational identities that are regarded to form part of the identity management theory. In this theory, Cupach and Imahori claim that the individual identity of a person reveals the various faucets of their cultural background.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These theory looks at intercultural communication as an act of trial and error that addresses similar aspects in individual identities, a form of mixing up the identities of communicators so as to achieve a relational identity that is acceptable to all participants and a kind of distinctive cultural identity that helps to establish relations with people that possess different relational identities (Gudykunst, 2003). The identity negotiation theory refers to the various processes that people have to go through for them to reach an agreement with others in regards to the type of relationships they will have with other people. The double swing model of identity negotiation focuses on how individuals, cultures and intercultural notions change the course of communication and translational exchanges. This intercultural theory is referred to as double model because it shows that both communication parties play the role of the addresser and addressee. Intercultural communication is seen as an infinite process that allows the two participants of the communication process to change during the meeting (Lindner, 2009). All these three theories focus on explaining the importance of an individual’s identity in understanding intercultural communication. The theories of communication networks explain intercultural communication to be a pattern of contact that is created by the flow of messages between various communicators. These theories argue that for cross-cultural communication to take place, the concept of the message has to be understood by all parties in the communication network. This will, therefore, require gaining an understanding of data, information, knowledge, images and symbols that can be moved from one point of the network to another (Monge Contractor, 2003). Communication networks take many forms in either organizational or individual contexts and they can include personal contact networks, strategic alliances that have been developed between two companies, a global communication between various organizations and a network flow of information between two or more groups. The theories that are used to explain communication networks in int ercultural communication include networks and out-group communication competencies which highlight the cross-cultural communication networks between groups and intracultural vs. intercultural networks which discusses the language used by speakers from the same and different cultures (Monge Contractor, 2003). These communication network theories explain intercultural communication to be a network of information, data, opinions and ideas that have originated from the cultural backgrounds of individuals from different ethnic and religious backgrounds.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theories that focus on acculturation and adjustment explain intercultural communication to be a collaborative effort in which two strangers from different cultural backgrounds are engaged in a joint effort within a receiving environment. Acculturation is the exchanging of features that make up culture and concepts resulting in a group of individuals who have different cultures coming into first-hand contact with the original cultural patterns. It merely focuses on how people can be able to adjust to another cultural context in the event they are placed in one by circumstances. The theories that fall under acculturation and adjustment include communication acculturation, anxiety/uncertainty management and assimilation or deviance states of acculturation (Kim, 1995). Communication acculturation refers to how cross-cultural adaption takes place as a collaborative effort between various individuals from separate cultural backgrounds so as to form a collaborative effort for communica tion. Anxiety or uncertainty management as a theory of acculturation defines intercultural communication to be the uncertain exchanges that people from different cultural backgrounds have with others they have just met. When strangers communicate with hosts for the first time, they experience a certain level of anxiety and uncertainty, which is mostly brought about by intercultural backgrounds. Strangers need to manage their uncertainty when they are communicating with other people effectively according to this theory which will enable them to manage their behavior as well as predict their host’s behavior (Griffin, 2000). The theory of assimilation and deviance explains acculturation as a type of adaptation and adaption to temporary outcomes of the intercultural communication process that exists between strangers and hosts. This theory explains intercultural communication to be either the alienation or assimilation of a group of intercultural individuals leading to deviant or morally upright behavior (Gudykunst, 2005). The face negotiation theory, which is another relevant theory of intercultural communication propagates that the root cause of conflicts, especially in intercultural communication, is mostly brought about by identity management on an individual and cultural level. These individual and cultural levels are what are referred to as faces meaning that they reflect the public image of an individual and group which are evaluated by an intercultural society based on cultural norms and values (Ting-Toomey, 2005). The conflict in this type of intercultural communication arises when a group or individual from a specific cultural society is threatened by others from a different ethnic society. The theoretical assumption that forms the basis for this theory is that culture plays an essential part in influencing how people communicate and manage intercultural confrontations within their societies. Culture in this theory of intercultural communication p rovides a theoretical frame of reference for individuals and groups during essential interactions. The face-negotiation theory addresses conflicts through the use of three goals that lead to conflicts during the communication process and these goals include content, relational and identity. Content goals are defined as the external issues that individuals view to be important while relational conflict goals are the types of conflict that arise when individuals try to define their relationship with other members in the same situation of conflict (Katre et al, 2010). Identity conflict goals are those that are related to identity confirmation, respect and approval of members involved in the same confrontational situation. These three goals are related to culture and they explain how the face-negotiation theory fosters intercultural communication (Katre et al., 2010). Other assumptions that are used to explain this are that communication in different cultures is usually based on maintai ning positive interactions while at the same time negotiating conflicts and the face plays an important role when identities of communicators are put into question as a result of potential conflicts. This theory also assumes that competency which arises during intercultural communication is usually as a result of knowledge and mindfulness on the part of the communicators. Behavior also plays an essential role in the face-negotiation theory because it can be influenced by cultural variances as well as individual and relational factors (Katre et al., 2010). The face-negotiation theory is essential when it comes to explaining intercultural communication because it focuses on both cultural and individual/group levels. The individualistic and collectivistic cultures that fall under this theory explain intercultural communication to be a form of maintaining and resolving conflicts which arise during intercultural confrontations. Low-context and high-context communication that takes place under the face negotiation theory determine the kind verbal interaction styles that will be used by communicators (interaction approaches, indirect verbal negotiation and subtle nonverbal approaches) to reduce the incidence of conflicts when communicating (Katre et al., 2010). Conclusion The theories focused on in this evaluation all explain intercultural communication to be a global form of establishing and maintaining open lines of dialogue between people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The evaluation has provided a useful insight into the importance of this theories and also how they perceive intercultural communication. References Griffin, E., (2000). A first look at communication theory. Boston, Massachusetts:  McGraw Hill Publishers Gudykunst, W.B., (2003) Intercultural communication theories. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications Gudykunst, W.B., (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousand  Oaks, California: Sage Publications Hes s-Luttich, E.W., (2003). Intercultural communication. Studies in Communication  Sciences, 3(2): 41-58 Katre, D., Orngreen, R., Yammiyavar, P., (2010). Human work interaction design.  New York: Springer Science Kim, Y.Y., (1995). Cross-cultural adaption: an integrative theory. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications Lindner, E., (2009). Emotion and conflict: how human rights can dignify emotion and  help us wage good conflict. New York: Greenwood Publishing Monge, P.R., Contractor, N.S., (2003). Theories of communication networks. New  York: Oxford University Press Ting-Toomey, S., (2005). The matrix of face: an updated face-negotiation theory.  Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Wiseman, R.L., (2003). Intercultural communication competence. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications.

Breach of Contract and Informed Consent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Breach of Contract and Informed Consent - Essay Example ding to the facts of the case, Harvey suffered from carotid artery blockage and while his doctor recommended a surgical procedure, Harvey signed a consent form that restricted use of blood or blood products on his body. He acknowledged potential health risks to his condition. He confirmed this in another agreement a day before the surgery. The surgery appears successful until a blood clot was realized and he suffered a stroke. His mother, who was also listed as the next of kin, then offered consent for subsequent operations and procedures, some of which involved blood transfusion because Harvey lost lots of blood and was at risk of heart attack and death. Harvey later recovered and sued. One of the principles that guide the case is existence of a contract and its terms, and an agreement between Harvey and the doctor prior to the initial surgery identifies this. Consequently, any surgical procedures ought to have been conducted within the terms of the agreement. The agreement was further based on the patient’s informed consent as he acknowledged possible consequences on his decisions on the surgical procedure. This is because the initial agreement that existed in writing identified â€Å"disclosure,† â€Å"comprehension,† â€Å"voluntariness,† â€Å"competence,† and â€Å"consent† (Kennedy, 2008, p. 83). The informed consent was further consistent with statute law on autonomy and informed consent that grants a patient right to information and allows a patient to refuse treatment (Rutgers, n.d.), and case law as was argued in the case of Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, as the patient reserved the right applicatio ns in the surgical procedures (Albert, 2000). There are however exceptions to the doctrine of informed consent that are applicable to the case and undermine Harvey’s chances of winning. Emergency is an example and defines need for an immediate action with the aim of preserving a patient’s life. This means that delays in a surgical action can

MAKE UP SCHOOL POLICY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MAKE UP SCHOOL POLICY - Essay Example It should also be noted that behaviour is one of the dominant discourses in schooling (Ball, Maguire and Braun 98). This public, high school, student behaviour policy aims at promoting high standards of behaviour to enhance a secure environment for all, which is orderly and safe. The behaviour policy contains the following elements. ... not use bad language Both students and school staff should respect each other The policy includes the major stakeholders of the school, and this includes; Students Teachers and Other School Staff Parents According to the policy, various stakeholders should perform the following roles as outlined; Principal Ensure that there is a safe and a peaceful atmosphere for both students and staff Implement and monitor this behaviour policy Ensure consistent disciplinary actions for those act contrary to this behaviour policy Teachers and Other Staff Take part in the implementation of the student behaviour policy and instil good behaviour among students Report cases of disruptive behaviour for punishment Students Follow the guidelines provided in the student behaviour policy and comply with directions Demonstrate respect for teachers, colleagues, and other staff, and should not engage in any form of misconduct Parents Offer support to schools during the student behaviour policy implementation T he school rewards and offers acknowledgment certificates to those who encourage good behaviour and discourage unacceptable behaviour. PART II: ARGUMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED SCHOOL POLICY An orderly learning environment is necessary for every school to enhance smooth learning, without interruptions. Student misbehaviour in high schools is a significant cause of learning disruptions. It should be note that student misbehaviour is an international concern. According to (The Guardian par 5), student misbehaviour disrupts lessons in sixty percent of the schools in world. Students enjoy classes where there is no disruption, but this is not always the case for some schools because of student misbehaviour. Student misbehaviour has led to negative consequences in the achievement of

Is Globalization Boon or Bane Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Is Globalization Boon or Bane - Research Paper Example You have already accepted the fact that rescuers may take days or even months before discovering you, so with all that was left the group struggled to start to live on a remote island. That would be for a while for sure. Here you are starting a community - away from technology, but with knowledge about it-you wonder if ever you will get by. If you survive, how long will it take you to build a replica of the city that you hope will be "lost" only for a moment? Tragic, it might seem, like a plot in movies shown in big screens, is the picture that such a scenario will project. Even more tragic are the emotions accompanying the players involved. This is far easier than what our ancestors have experienced though. Then, they only relied on crude forms for a weapon to shield them from their enemy. They had more ferocious animals as neighbors, no concepts of what makes society and culture flourish. To them "survival of the fittest" might best describe their manner of gathering their goods. No political system is yet conceived; the stronger group tends to manipulate the weaker ones. Even more astonishing is how they communicate with each other and how they were able to preserve their culture that became the foundation of a more developed, more complicated yet structured society that we now have. From their time to ours, inevitable movements and changes filled the vacuum (time and space connecting our past and future). We all became an agent of change-affecting and being affected in the process. In man's search for a better life, needs became more diverse, solutions more complicated. This required the creation of systems aimed at structuring every process and making any inconsistencies more evident and, in effect easier to manage.

Explain what causes changes in supply and demand

Explain what causes changes in supply and demand The constancy and steadiness of any economy is based on the structure of its supply and demand. The supply and demand establish the pattern of the prices and the quantities of different commodities and products in the economy. The increase and decrease in the supply and demand fluctuates the prices and the quantities of different products. The market has a certain balance between various elements and all this symmetry is affected by the variation in the pattern of supply and demand. Various replacements and substitutions play role in adjusting the balance of the market and the prices and their elasticity are also affected by these. Furthermore all this has an effect on the society. Basically four market systems are there. Varied roles are played by the economists in different markets. Explain what causes changes in supply and demand A market is a place where various products are bought and sold. At times there is too much quantity of a certain good is present in the market then it is said that the supply of that good is high. When a product is produced and the capability and eagerness to sell this product is there at a certain price in a certain time period then this is known as supply of that product. Similarly when there is a capability and eagerness to buy a certain product at a certain price in a certain period is known as the demand of that product. The income is traded in return of various jobs and tasks. Likewise if we have a demand of any particular product we offer money in order to buy it. Market equilibrium is basically where the demand of any product is almost equal to the supply of the product. At this stage the prices for such a product are the most suitable for it. Whereas if there is too much supply and the demand for a product is comparatively low then the consumers will pay less for that product. Similarly if there is too much demand of any product but the market has a less supply of that product then the price of such a product goes high and the buyers are willing to pay even more for it. Therefore in order to maintain the market equilibrium it is better to bring the supply equal to demand and vice versa. Determine how changes in price and quantity influence market equilibrium Steven Tomilison defines equilibrium (Understanding Market Equilibrium, Determining A Competitive Equilibrium, p1,) as a state where there is no propensity to change. Market equilibrium is a stage where the prices and quantity of any product remains constant and endure the pressure by the buyers and the sellers. Here the supply of a product is basically similar to the demand of the product. This equilibrium is disturbed when there because of undue pressure a change is brought about in the prices or quantity of any product. What actually happens is that there maybe less demand of a product where the sellers might bring in too much of the product in the market. Here basically there is less willingness to buy a product or the demand of that product is reduced thus affecting the prices and also reducing them. Likewise if there is too much eagerness by the buyers to buy a certain product but the suppliers bring in lesser quantity in the market this will increase the demand thus increasing the prices of that product also. This all is actually bringing a change in the prices and quantity of a product thus affecting the supply and demand and bringing a change in the market equilibrium. This all can be stated that an increase in quantity decreases the prices whereas the decrease in quantity will increase the prices. Describe how the necessity of a good and the availability of substitutions impact price elasticity. Harrison (2004) defined elasticity as the flexibility to increase or decrease. When it comes to the elasticity of the prices this can be shown by a graph of price elasticity of demand or PED. This price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing both the percentages of demand with the price. This PED is very useful. Companies are interested in them when investing in new business or starting new ventures. It gives them the idea of competitive prices and the profit margin. According to Harrison (2004) the influence or effect of the taxes and subsidies is seen by the governments by this PED. By levying more taxes on harmful products such as cigarettes or alcohol will increase its prices thus decreasing its demand. Similarly by providing a subsidy on any product will decrease the price of that product thus reducing its price and making it easier for the consumers to buy it or increased demand. Nowadays for every product there are different alternatives or substitutions present in the market. The necessity of a product will lead to finding its substitution and creates a direct relationship in them. This relationship fluctuates because of different situations and conditions of the market and the world and this is what capitalism is. Food has been described as essential and fundamental element for life by the China Agricultural Economic Review. This review describes the relationship between the supply, demand and the prices of different products in Nigeria. The domestic food prices were increased when Nigeria faced a food shortage between 1998 and 2001. To overcome this shortage different food products and livestock was imported from other countries. This increased the prices of these food products as large import bills came along with them which added up to the prices of these products. Automatically these prices were to be endured by the consumers. This resulted in large import bills. Now the domestic food prices were already high because of the shortage the imported food prices were almost similar or even higher then those products. This all brought about the elasticity in the prices and the economy was provided with elasticity. The market would have said to be inelastic if there was no shortage and the food p rices were normal and there were less imports and competition higher. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?did=1657972491sid=3Fmt=6clientId=13118RQT=309VName=PQD). Market Systems and the Role of an Economist There are different types of business and likewise the market systems are also of different types. As per Mankiw (2007) the market systems can be divided into four basic types, and the markets not only in US but all over the world usually fall under one or the other categories. Majority of the economists also agree with this diversification of market systems. Monopoly is one of the market systems. As the name refers the market is dominated by a single or sole seller and usually no alternatives are present for such a product. Since there are no substitutions the competition factor is also absent. Due to the advancement in the technology and information explosion usually the monopoly of any one product is nowadays not commonly seen but still companies like cable companies, trash collectors etc. are considered to be monopolies due to the uniqueness they provide through their product or services. According to Mankiw (2007) the monopolies enjoy this state because of the low marginal value they keep. Oligopoly is another type of market system. According to Mankiw (2007) in oligopoly there are very few sellers present in the market for a certain product and action of one at times affects others also. The profits of everyone are affected by oneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s decision. This type of competition is known as imperfect competition. Monopolistic competition is one of the market systems. As per Mankiw (2007) in this type of market system there are sellers who sell products which may be alike but cannot be considered as identical. That is their few features may be similar but they do differ from one another in other features. Again this is a type of imperfect type of market systems where the buyers are same but the products are different. Perfect competition is the fourth type of market system and as the name indicates that the competition in this type of market system is perfect. The product is absolutely same but there are a number of sellers present in the market. The competition here is too high because of the number of sellers and the price of the product is usually very near to the cost of the product. It is difficult for the sellers to gain a good margin out of such type of a market. One business can only be successful if it copes up well with the type of market system it enters. Good economists tend to understand the demand of the market system. They are well aware of the cost of the production and make efforts to offer better then its competitors. The buyers are always looking for the best with the most cost effective price. In order to earn the most of the market share one has to cut down its prices to the lowest then only it can compete successfully. Conclusion Thus the price of the product, the product itself, its buyers and sellers are the factors that affect the supply and demand of a product. The decision of the buyers regarding the quantity and their purchase is very much dependent on the price of the product. They are always willing to pay for quality but it is essential that it should be affordable for them. The increase in supply is because of too much quantity of a product present in the market, similarly the demand increases when there is not enough of the product present in the market. The price elasticity is also dependent on the importance of a good and the competition present for that good.

Cancer :: essays research papers

Cancer Today there are one in three people worldwide who are affected by cancer, and almost 60% of these people will almost certainly die. 7000 New Zealanders die every year from this disease. It is the second largest killer next to heart disease. Cancer does not just affect certain groups of people, it can affect anybody and it is not just one disease, it refers to more than a hundred diseases. Cancer is caused by carcinogens. At present, hundreds of chemicals are known to induce cancer. Normally, the body’s cells divide in an orderly way, allowing the body to grow and to heal after injury. Damage or mutations that occur to the proto-oncogenes (POG) and tumour suppresser Genes (TSG) in the genetic material (DNA and RNA) by these carcinogens bring about Cancer, which causes cells to have less control of cell division and differentiation. POGs lead to changed cells or transformed cells and cause excessive cell division. Further mutations cause the cells to become immortal. These cells continue to divide and form a ball of cells. These cells require a lot of energy and fluids flowing to maintain the high rate of the cell division. When these balls become too large for fluids to flow through, the middle of the ball dies. TSG’s act as anti-proto-oncogenes, they regulate the rate of cell division. POG’s and TSG’s constantly compete to overpower each other. These TSG’s can be mutated and this brings about a change in the control mechanism of cell division. Cells are stimulated to divide through a growth factor. Growth factor molecules bind to cell membranes of cells and send a chemical message to a receptor in the cell membrane. The receptor sends a message through the cytoplasm to the nucleus to stimulate cell division. Sometimes when these growth factors are absent the receptor in the cell membrane is mutated to send out the message to the nucleus. Cells are also stimulated to divide through the two proteins, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. When these two join together, this stimulates cell division. These proteins act on the growth inhibitor proteins P53 and PRP, which are growth inhibitor proteins. Tumours may be malignant, spreading or benign, non-spreading. Malignant tumours are aggressive, invasive, and mobile. They invade healthy tissue and continue to divide. The original cancer is called the primary tumour. If the tumour is malignant, the disease may develop in other parts of the body where secondary tumours may form.